Types of Pallets: A Comprehensive Guide for Businesses

When it comes to shipping and storage solutions, understanding the various types of pallets available is important for businesses of all sizes. Pallets serve as the backbone of efficient logistics operations, providing a stable platform for transporting and storing goods.

From timber to plastic each pallet type offers unique advantages and is suited for specific applications.

Whether you're prioritising cost-effectiveness, durability, or sustainability, there's a pallet solution tailored to your requirements.

The Role of Pallets in Supply Chain Management

Pallets do more than just support goods; they play key roles in the supply chain, such as:

• Product Protection: Pallets offer a stable base for goods during transport, reducing the risk of damage.
• Streamlined Loading and Unloading: They speed up the movement of products, making loading and unloading more efficient.
• Warehouse Efficiency: Pallets allow for better-organised storage in warehouses, making products easier to find and ship.
• Safety: By minimising manual handling, pallets help create a safer workplace and reduce the risk of injuries.

In short, using the right pallet type enhances productivity, cuts costs, and improves workplace safety.

Understanding Pallet Types

A pallet is essentially a flat platform that serves as a base for goods, making them easier to transport with equipment like forklifts, walkie stackers, pallet jacks, or even automated systems.

Pallets are made from a variety of materials and come in a range of designs, each suited to the unique needs of different industries across Australia and worldwide. Their main role is to help ensure the supply chain operates smoothly and efficiently.

Types of Pallets By Material

Wooden Pallets

Wooden pallets are the most commonly used type both in Australia and worldwide. Made from hardwood or softwood, they are incredibly versatile and suitable for various industries.

• Advantages: Wooden pallets are affordable, easy to repair, and can handle heavy loads. Their widespread availability makes them a practical option across different sectors. With proper maintenance, they can be reused multiple times.
• Disadvantages: Wooden pallets are susceptible to splintering, pest infestations, and mould in certain conditions. They have a shorter lifespan compared to other materials and are harder to clean, which can be a challenge in industries with strict hygiene standards.

For businesses exporting from Australia, it’s crucial to comply with ISPM 15 regulations.

These regulations mandate that wooden pallets be heat-treated or fumigated to prevent the spread of pests in international shipments.

Plastic Pallets

Plastic pallets are becoming increasingly popular, particularly in industries where hygiene and durability are critical. They are often made from materials like high-density polyethylene (HDPE) or polypropylene (PP).

• Advantages: Plastic pallets are lightweight, long-lasting, and resistant to moisture, chemicals, and bacteria, making them perfect for sectors such as food, beverage, and pharmaceuticals. Their ease of cleaning is another major advantage, especially for industries with strict hygiene standards.
• Disadvantages: However, plastic pallets come with a higher upfront cost compared to wooden pallets. They can also be harder to repair, and often require complete replacement if damaged.

The hygienic properties of plastic pallets make them highly valuable in industries like healthcare and food production, where the risk of contamination is a serious concern.

Metal Pallets

Metal pallets, typically made from steel or aluminium, are widely used in industries that demand heavy-duty handling, such as mining, automotive, and construction.
These pallets are built to endure tough conditions and manage heavy loads effectively.

• Advantages: Metal pallets are exceptionally strong and durable, capable of supporting large, heavy products. They are resistant to pests, moisture, and fire, making them ideal for industries with rugged environments.
• Disadvantages: However, metal pallets are more expensive and considerably heavier than other pallet types. If not maintained properly, they can corrode over time, which may lead to increased long-term costs. Additionally, they might be less suitable for businesses focusing on cost savings or ease of handling.

In Australia, industries such as automotive and construction prefer metal pallets for their strength and durability when handling heavy products.

Paper and Presswood Pallets

Paper and presswood pallets, constructed from compressed wood fibres or recycled paper products, are an increasingly popular eco-friendly option for Australian businesses looking for sustainable alternatives.

• Advantages: These pallets are lightweight, affordable, and environmentally friendly. Since they are made from recycled materials, they can be easily repurposed or recycled at the end of their lifecycle, helping to reduce environmental impact.
• Disadvantages: However, their lighter structure limits their load capacity, making them unsuitable for heavy-duty goods. They also tend to have a shorter lifespan compared to their wooden, plastic, or metal counterparts.

For businesses prioritising sustainability and looking to minimise their carbon footprint, paper and presswood pallets offer an attractive option.

They contribute to a circular economy, striking a balance between cost-effectiveness and eco-friendliness.

Pallet Construction: Block vs. Stringer Pallets

When it comes to pallet construction, two widely used designs are block pallets and stringer pallets.

• Block Pallets: These pallets have solid blocks between the top and bottom decks, which allow forklifts to access them from all four sides. Because of their robust design, block pallets are typically stronger and more durable, making them ideal for industries handling heavier loads.
• Stringer Pallets: Stringer pallets, on the other hand, are supported by two or three parallel boards (called stringers or bearers) and usually offer two-way forklift entry. They are more affordable and are well-suited for lighter loads, making them a practical choice for businesses focused on cost-efficiency.

While both designs serve their purpose, block pallets generally outperform stringer pallets in terms of load capacity, making them the go-to option for heavy-duty applications.

Types of Pallets By Design

When it comes to pallets, they're not all made the same. The design of a pallet plays a big role in how it functions, how much weight it can handle, and which industries it’s best suited for.

Stringer Pallets

Stringer pallets are one of the most common types and are recognised by their "stringers" or “bearers”—those boards that run along the length of the pallet. These stringers support the top deck boards and can be notched so forklifts can lift from all four sides. Mostly made from wood, stringer pallets are used across a range of industries because they’re versatile and affordable. It’s a great option for businesses needing a sturdy yet low-cost solution.

Block Pallets

Block pallets, unlike stringer pallets, have blocks between the top and bottom decks, enabling forklifts to access them from all four sides. While they offer improved handling efficiency, block pallets can sometimes be less robust than standard stringer pallets. This design allows forklifts to access it from all 4 sides, making them very efficient for busy warehouses. Block pallets are often a mix of wood and plastic and are preferred in industries where toughness is important, like automotive or heavy manufacturing.

Euro Pallets

Euro pallets stick to strict European standards in both size and construction. They’re 1200mm x 800mm and are often used for shipping internationally, especially in Europe. Known for their strength, Euro pallets are designed to fit neatly into European-sized transport vehicles and containers. Their standard size and reliable build make them ideal for businesses handling international shipments, especially across Europe.

Double-Face Pallets

Double-face pallets have deck boards on both the top and bottom. This extra decking adds stability, making them a great choice for heavy or awkward loads. These pallets come in reversible and non-reversible styles—reversible ones can be used on either side, while non-reversible ones can only carry loads on the top. They’re commonly used in industries where stability during transport and storage is a must.

Double-Wing Pallets

Double-wing pallets have deck boards on both sides that extend beyond the stringers or blocks, giving it a "winged" look. This extra surface area provides more support for large or unsteady loads. Double-wing pallets are often used in industries like paper and printing, where fragile or oversized loads need more support to avoid damage.

By Load Capacity

When it comes to picking the right pallet for your operations, one of the key things to think about is the load capacity.

Pallets come in different weight-bearing categories, and each type is suited for specific tasks and industries. Here’s a closer look at the three main types of pallets based on load capacity:

Lightweight Pallets

Lightweight pallets are made for handling smaller, lighter loads, making them perfect for one-way shipments or light-duty tasks. They’re often crafted from wood, plastic, or presswood, focusing on cost-efficiency and reducing weight, which is great for air freight or short-distance transport. That said, they might not hold up well under repeated use or heavier loads.

Medium-Duty Pallets

Medium-duty pallets strike a nice balance between strength and weight. They can handle moderate loads, making them pretty versatile for a range of industries like retail, food distribution, and manufacturing. Usually constructed from wood or plastic, these pallets offer durability without being overly bulky, so they’re a solid choice for businesses looking for reliable options without going overboard.

Heavy-Duty Pallets

If you’re dealing with heavy machinery, automotive parts, or bulk goods, heavy-duty pallets are what you need. These pallets are built tough to support significant weight, often made from pinewood, metal, or high-density plastic. They’re designed for durability and can take on tough loads, making them perfect for industrial and manufacturing settings.

Pallet Sizes and Standards

• Euro Pallet: 1200 mm x 800 mm: The Euro pallet, measuring 1200 mm x 800 mm, is a standard across Europe, designed for efficient transport and storage. Its sturdy build supports heavy loads and fits well into European racking systems, making it ideal for international trade.
• Standard North American Pallet: 1219 mm x 1016 mm (48 in x 40 in): The US Cutout Pallet, at 1219 mm x 1016 mm (48 in x 40 in), is popular for its balance of load capacity and handling ease. Widely used across various applications, it boosts logistics efficiency. We also offer US Block Pallets (1200 mm x 1000 mm), which provide an alternative size option for customers needing a robust pallet with slightly different dimensions.
• Australian Standard Pallet: 1165 mm x 1165 mm: The Australian standard pallet, sized at 1165 mm x 1165 mm, optimises space for local industries. Its durable design ensures effective storage and transport, suitable for both domestic and export use.
• British Standard Pallet: 1200 mm x 1000 mm: The British standard pallet, at 1200 mm x 1000 mm, is commonly used in the UK. Its strong construction supports heavy weights and fits various racking systems, ideal for logistics.
• Half Pallet: 800 mm x 600 mm: Half pallets, size 800 mm x 600 mm, are compact solutions for smaller loads. They're great for retail displays and easy to handle, making them popular for managing inventory.
• Quarter Pallet: 600 mm x 400 mm: Quarter pallets, at 600 mm x 400 mm, are perfect for small items. Their size is ideal for retail promotions, and they’re lightweight for easy movement.
• Export Pallet: Typically 1100 mm x 1100 mm: Export pallets, typically around 1100 mm x 1100 mm, are designed for international shipping. Their dimensions maximise space in containers, ensuring product safety during transit.
• Freight Pallet: Various Dimensions (Custom-Sized): Freight pallets come in various dimensions, often custom-sized to meet specific needs. This flexibility allows businesses to optimise transport for unique loads, enhancing logistics efficiency.
• Plastic Pallet: Various Dimensions: Plastic pallets are available in various sizes and offer a lightweight, durable alternative. They’re easy to clean and ideal for hygiene-sensitive industries, making them an eco-friendly choice.
• Oversized Pallet: Larger than Standard Sizes: Oversized pallets cater to larger items beyond standard sizes. They’re robust and ensure stability during transport of bulky goods.
• Small Skid: Smaller than Standard Pallets: Small skids are smaller than standard pallets, perfect for lightweight loads. Their compact size suits in-store displays and they’re easy to handle, enhancing logistics efficiency.

ISO Regulations on Sizes

ISO (International Organization for Standardization) regulations are vital for standardising pallet sizes worldwide, ensuring consistency across industries. A key standard, ISO 6780:2003, specifies dimensions and tolerances for pallets, including popular sizes like the Euro pallet (1200 mm x 800 mm) and the Australian standard pallet (1165 mm x 1165 mm). By adopting these sizes, businesses can optimise stacking and transport, reducing costs and waste.

ISO regulations promote the use of sustainable materials in pallet manufacturing to support global eco-friendly goals. Following these standards helps companies improve logistics efficiency while contributing to a sustainable supply chain. Overall, ISO regulations provide a framework that benefits businesses and promotes consistency in pallet sizes across the globe.

Specialised Pallets for Specific Industries

• Food and Beverage: Hygiene is critical in the food and beverage sector. Plastic pallets are commonly preferred due to their moisture resistance and ease of cleaning, making them ideal for food-grade environments.
• Pharmaceuticals: In the pharmaceutical industry, high standards of cleanliness and durability are essential. Plastic pallets or specially treated wooden pallets are typically the best choices for maintaining these standards.
• Automotive: When it comes to transporting heavy automotive parts, metal pallets are often the preferred option due to their exceptional strength and durability.
• Manufacturing: In manufacturing, wooden pallets are commonly used for their versatility and affordability. However, plastic pallets are favoured in areas requiring higher hygiene or moisture resistance, while metal pallets are ideal for heavy-duty loads and long-term durability.
• Retail: The retail industry often prefers plastic pallets for their lightweight, durable nature, making them easy to transport and stack. Wooden pallets are also widely used, particularly for shipping and one-way deliveries due to their cost-effectiveness.
• Other Industries: Industries like construction, logistics, and technology have diverse pallet needs. Metal pallets are used for heavy loads, while plastic and wooden pallets cater to environments needing hygiene or cost-effective solutions. Customised pallets are also available for specific industry requirements.

Choosing the Right Pallet for Your Business

When it comes to choosing the right pallet for your business, there’s a few key things to keep in mind to make sure it ticks all the boxes for your operations:

• Load Capacity: The pallet needs to handle the weight of your products without any risk of damage. This is super important to ensure your goods stay safe and intact during storage and transport. Make sure to check both the static and dynamic load capacities, depending on how you’ll be using the pallets.
• Cost: While it’s tempting to focus on the upfront price, it’s also worth thinking about the long-term value. Pallets made from materials like plastic or metal might cost more initially but they tend to be more durable and reusable, which means fewer replacements down the track. Striking the right balance between cost and durability is crucial for getting the best bang for your buck.
• Material: The material should match the needs of your industry. Wooden pallets are affordable and pretty common, but if you’re in a hygiene-sensitive area like food or healthcare, plastic pallets are probably a better bet. Metal pallets are ideal for heavy-duty loads, and paper or presswood pallets are a great option for lighter, one-off shipments.

By considering load capacity, cost, and material, you’ll be in a good position to make the right choice that keeps your business running smoothly and your products safe.

Environmental Considerations